independent float is the amount of time by which. According to the PERT calculation, the time estimate for the project execution is 86/6 = 14. independent float is the amount of time by which

 
 According to the PERT calculation, the time estimate for the project execution is 86/6 = 14independent float is the amount of time by which  one other type of float in independent float :”is the maximum amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the early start of the succeeding activity and without being affected by the allowable delay of the preceding activities”

A red line indicates at what time 50% (5) leaf disks float (at about 11. Independent variable - Amount of salt Dependent variable – Flotation of egg Controlled variables – Same glass, same water amount, same temperature, same egg used. We discuss three types of Floats in this video viz Total Float, Free Float and Independent Float with examples. Create a yield instruction. Critical Path: The longest path in the network diagram is called Critical Path. It only affects concerned activity. Add one more cup of water to the large container (making two and one half cups. Mathematically: Total Float – Free Float = Interfering Float. So in this case for activity F, ES = 2+1 = 3 and EF = 3+3-1 = 5. DOTween does have a built in shortcut for UI Sliders: Code (CSharp): DOValue (float to, float duration, bool snapping = false); //Changes the target's value to the given one. tij = duration of activity TE = earliest expected time TL. Add ½ cup of salt to the large container and stir to dissolve some of the salt (it will not all dissolve yet). · Extra time by which an activity can be delayed so that the succeeding activity can be started on earliest start time. However, the following are some tips and tricks to help you reduce high total floats: 1- Link activities in a proper way as expected to be executed on-site. Now go ahead and do it! STEP 2: In the other glass, fill to the same height with water. Don’t forget to check out the video. They are independent of each other,. Your Critical Path Has No Slack. Time milliseconds (Int32 amount) Construct a time value from a number of milliseconds. Critical path method (CPM): The critical path method is a step-by-step project management technique for process planning that identifies critical and noncritical tasks, preventing timeframe problems and process bottlenecks. pick two (pick any two): Pick two, sometimes expressed as pick any two, is the principle that in many sets of three desirable qualities, those qualities will be somewhat mutually exclusive. Because your game runs at different speeds on different machines, the number of ticks executed during any given second of game play can vary greatly from machine to machine. Zero; It depends if the critical activity is on a critical path or not. Independent float therefore does not affect float of either preceding or subsequent activities. 3. S. Concepts: Normal Time, Normal Cost, Crash Time, Crash Cost of Activities. Event slack is defined as the difference between the latest event and the earliest event times. Foreign exchange gain/loss recognized for difference b/w cash received at current spot rate and amount recorded for receivable. Amount of time a project can be delayed without impacting an imposed deadline. Float is created when a bank credits a customer’s account as soon as a check is deposited. This behavior is independent of each object's size and. Compute the earliest start and finish and latest start and finish times of all activities including dummy activities (if any). following activity. c. 3. Float corresponds to activity in CPM. Free 3. The Total Float is measured as the difference between the early start and late start dates (LS – ES) or late finish and early finish dates (LF – EF). Water has a density of 1 g/mL (g/cm3). Independent Float = Earliest Successors’ Early Start. The Temperature of the reaction. many countries join hands to form a monetary system and an exchange rate C. But, there’s a little more to it than that. It can be used as investable asset, but makes up the smallest part of the money supply. Free float = Total Float – Head event slack; Independent Float (IF) It is amount of free float time which can be used without affecting either the head or the tail event. It is computed for an activity by subtracting the tail event slack from its total float. Gently add one penny at a time. 0f and Time. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. In other words, it is the difference between the early start and late start of a task or the early finish and late finish of a task. Independent float is that portion of the total float within which an activity can be delayed for start without affecting the float of the preceding activities. Spill the yeast mixture into the sink and wash the saccharometer carefully and thoroughly. It is computed by subtracting the tail event. the preceding or the following activity 2 asked Feb 24, 2022 in General by SiddharthShete ( 35. Encapsulation in Java is a process of wrapping code and data together into a single unit, for example, a capsule which is mixed of several medicines. This phase reads the source code and breaks it into a stream of tokens, which are the basic units of the programming language. B Total Float = Latest Finish time (LFT) - Earliest Start time(EST) time – Activity Duration Total Float = 50 - 10 - 10 = 30 days b) Free float Amount of time an activity can be delayed. reduces the float of subsequent activities. Method: 1. If float = 0 i. The reaction time for that trial will be shorter than expected because there are additional into the solution from the forceps. // A cube can be moved around the world. If we try to do so for the column - amount: df['amount']. Lag: A lag is a waiting time between two tasks. The generic way. a set of currencies are fixed against each other at some mutually agreed on exchange rate B. Pour 1 ½ cups of water into your large container. A lag is the amount of time a successor activity can be delayed with respect to a predecessor activity [3]. You can complete the project on time by using the remaining project float. Slack or float refers to the amount of time that various related tasks can be delayed without pushing the schedule. The example WaitForSeconds has a value of 1. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following represents an activity on an activity-on-node (AON) project network? A) An arrow B) A line C) A node D) Both an arrow and a line E) An arrow, a line and a node all represent activities, Arrows on an activity-on-node (AON) project network represents A) an activity. represents moving backward to the end result to calculate late start or to find if there is any slack/float in the activity. Study Chapter 7 flashcards. Looks to me like that should work. 5 minutes--the time it takes 50% of the disks to float; see the red lines in the graph, below. Currency Board: A currency board is an extreme form of a pegged exchange rate, in which management of the exchange rate and the money supply are taken away from the central bank . As with shortcuts, the. 4k points) Activity F. Interfering Float: Maximum amount by which an activity can be delayed without delaying the project but will cause delay to the Early Start of some following activity. In the paper clip experiment, the surface tension of water prevents the clip from falling, thus we can assume it exerts a force of mg m g (weight of clip) upwards. It is kept inside a 1 unit by 1 unit // xz space. Free float: It is the amount of time that the activity completion time can be delayed without affecting the earliest start time of the immediate successor activities in the network. He must design the prototype (activity 1), build the prototype (activity 2), and test the prototype (activity 3). e. The float of an activity is the amount of time available by which it is possible to delay its completion time without extending the overall project completion time. Answers 1) Option A Independent float Independent float relies on market forces to determine the values of currencies 2) option D We use direct quote in the textbook and lect. Free float FF = E j – (E i + t ij) Independent Float: Amount by which an activity can be delayed without delaying the project; even if all predecessors are at. 29. 1, 2 and 3 Consider researching real-time project dashboards and choose the one that best fits your needs. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Creation of logic diagram, Plan, organize, direct, control, Criteria for a good RFP and more. The two most common types of float are free float and total float. For example, when the bride and her father dance, the others wait awhile before they join them (Figure 10. What is the total float of any critical activity? One Day. To prevent the hull from tipping, carefully balance the load as you add pennies (left to right, front and back— or port to starboard, fore and aft, if you are feeling nautical). “The total float is the amount of time that an activity can be delayed from its early start date without delaying the _____ finish date. Currency Peg Meaning. is the difference between the finish date of the last activity on the. It is thus equal to the head event slack. Slack. Free float amount of time an activity can be delayed. Free float: It is the excess of ‘available time’ over the activity time, when all jobs start as early as possible. Write this number at the bottom right corner. Here's an example to illustrate the difference between Total Float and Free Float: Suppose you have a project with three tasks: A, B, and. Mathematically: Total Float – Free Float = Interfering Float. It is defined as the amount of time by which an event can be delayed without delaying the project schedule. Slack of an event = Latest Start Time – Earliest Start Time OR Latest Finish Time – Earliest Finish Time. Once backward pass and total float calculation is complete the resultant network diagram will look as follows. Zero float, such events called critical events and these represent that project is on the schedule. Procedure. Like this: void Update() { // Moves the object forward at two units per second. (INTF) and independent float (INDF). Carefully float one of the hulls in the container of water. Consider the following statements: In the critical path method of construction planning, Free Float can be. The quantity of the currency being traded Pesos per euro Q e u r o. If Sj ≠ 0 FF < 0. Free float = Total float – Head event slack. A critical activity can be defined as one which has a total float of zero. It also helps in keeping track of the progress, or lack thereof, of the overall project. Practical Definition: Slack or Float provide flexibility in the project schedule. This time is labeled Effective Time ET50. Each time a company writes a cheque, it generates a disbursement float. following activity. Total float is the difference between the finish date of the last activity on the critical path and the project completion date. Time. For example, if it’s the foreign exchange market for the Euro, the correct label would be Q e u r o. 2 and 3 are correct: C. Calculation of Floats: Float is defined as the difference between the latest and earliest activity time. Total float. WaitForSeconds can only be used with a yield statement in coroutines. Total float of activity affects total float of succeeding as well as preceding activities. Float (slack) – Amount of time that a task can be delayed without causing a delay to: (1) subsequent tasks (free float) and (2) Project completion date (total. If for simplicity we assume that the clip is a rectangle of length l l and breadth b b. Independent Float video > Relationship Slack [Slack] - the amount of ‘unused’ time difference between the predecessor and the successor activities or relative float in relationships. The term 'disbursement float' refers to the time that it takes to create, mail, receive, deposit and present payments. Independent Float: Amount by which an activity can be delayed without delaying the project; even if all. Try Float free for 30 days. 0f; // The time at which the animation started. Independent float F I D: It is defined as the amount of time by which an activity can be delayed without affecting the succeeding activity and preceding activity. Let's look at some of the distinctions between the two. Float, sometimes called slack, is the amount of time an activity, network path, or project can be delayed from the early start without changing the completion date of the project. In project management, float or slack is the amount of time that a task in a project network can be delayed without causing a delay to:: 183 . Currency Board Arrangements. Slack of an event = Latest Start Time – Earliest Start Time OR Latest Finish Time – Earliest Finish Time. a country tries to hold its currency against an. Your critical path has zero slack. B Total Float = Latest Finish time (LFT) - Earliest Start time(EST) time – Activity Duration Total Float = 50 - 10 - 10 = 30 days b) Free float Amount of time an. To say, “Lag and Lead is float,” simply confuses the issue. reduces the float of subsequent activities. Time available for an activity performance minus the duration of the activity C. What is Project Management Float? Project management float, also known as “slack,” is the amount of time a project can be delayed before failing to meet a deadline. Independent float is the amount of time by which: A. Float project management slots nicely alongside other styles of project management and works as a way of identifying “float” or “slack” time in your project timelines. Amount of time a project can be delayed without impacting an. There are three types of floats. set_timer (event, millis, loops=0) -> None. 9. According to the PERT calculation, the time estimate for the project execution is 86/6 = 14. (ii) LST of an activity is to be calculated on the basis of latest occurance time of its head event and not on the basis of latest occurance time of its tail event. When leveraged properly, project managers can shift activities and resources to meet the project objectives and priorities. Event slack is defined as the difference between the latest event and the earliest event times. Free float is measured by subtracting the early finish (EF) of the activity from the early start (ES) of the successor activity. 4. Independent Float: Amount by which an activity can be delayed without delaying the project; even if all predecessors are at Late Finish. The point of an experiment is to help define the cause and effect relationships between components of a natural process or reaction. Hence the correct answer. The duration between the earliest start time of the preceding event and latest finish time of the succeeding event, is called 'float'. It is computed for an activity by subtracting the tail event slack from its total float. Buoyancy results from the differences in pressure acting on opposite sides of an object immersed in a static fluid. Total float is the amount of time a task within a project can be delayed without endangering theproject deadline. For example, if an organization has a float of $2,000 for eight days and $5,400 for six days within the month, its average daily float is $1,561. 4 is the difference between the earliest start date of an activ ity and its latest start (or the difference between its earliest finish and its latest finish). timeScale represents the rate at which time elapses. This is the most flexible way of tweening and allows you to tween almost any value, either public or private, static or dynamic (just so you know, the shortcuts way actually uses the generic way in the background). Independent float is an amount of time by which the start of an activity may be delayed without affecting 1. Independent Float (INDF): The maximum amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the early start of the succeeding activities and without being affected by the allowable delay of any predecessor activity. Wait for seconds multiplied by Time. Negative Float: The period of time between when a bank customer writes a check and when it is cleared. Amount of time by which a path of activities could be delayed without affecting the overall project duration. Excess of minimum available time over the required activity duration D. The duration of time by which an activity can be. A project can also have negative float, which means the calculated completion date of the last activity is later. DETERMINATION OF FLOAT AND SLACK TIMES As discussed earlier, the non – critical activities have some slack or float. b. Pages 319 Ratings 100% (1) 1 out of 1 people found this document helpful;Independent float Total float Half float Ans- C is the correct answer. Interfering float refers to the amount of float that affects the project's critical path, while total float represents the total amount of time a task can be delayed without delaying the project. e. Free float: It is the amount of time that the activity completion time can be delayed without affecting the earliest start time of the immediate successor activities in the network. In the same way, fill the other glass with salt water. Specifically, when placed in water, an object sinks into the water until it displaces an amount of water equal to its own mass. Total 2. F IN = F T - F F = S. A small, long cylinder is created and positioned away from the center of // the 1x1 unit. 1. Total Float; Free Float; Independent Float; Q2. interfering Float. It affects only preceding activities. FLOATS AND FLOAT CALCULATIONS. The library provides overloads for all cv-unqualified floating-point types as the type of the. 8. (iv) Independent Float : This is the amount of time an activity can be delayed when all preceding activities are completed as late as possible and all succeeding activities started as early as possible. To prepare salt water, put 1-2 cups of salt in 500ml of water. Independent Float: It is the amount of time by which an activity can be delayed when all the preceding activities are completed as late as possible and all succeeding activities started as early as possible. critical path. e. Discover how to measure salt concentration (salinity), investigate the effects of salinity on how objects float, or explore how increased acid affects saltwater. In almost all cases you should use Time. There is a certain amount of time the project as a whole can be delayed before missing a critical deadline. Essentially, negative float is the amount of time that must be saved to bring the project to completion on time. There are some factors which can mean the actual amount of time waited does not precisely match the amount of time. GAAP. //snapping If TRUE values will smoothly snap to integers. For activity f, L j = 12, E i = 4, t ij = 4. Plug the tip of the syringe tightly with your finger, and. The factors that can change value during an experiment or between experiments, such as water temperature, are called scientific variables, while those that stay the same, such as acceleration due to. It is the time available to fluctuate if the preceding activities get completed as late as possible and succeeding activities get started as early as possible. The leaf disks should float in the solution (see photos below). This time is labeled Effective Time ET50. The graph shows the time on the x-axis and the number of floating leaves on the y-axis. Fahad Usmani says: September 16, 2014 at 9:08 AM. Then when the time runs out the coroutine moves past the while statement and processes whatever code is after it. The purpose of this experiment. It denotes the amount of time each activity can be delayed without violating the entire project duration. The tasks on the critical path have zero float because they can’t be delayedof independent currencies will inevitably dwindle, perhaps to the single digits. F f = (T j E - T i E) - t ij. 5E-5 = 3974400-1987200-1728000. using UnityEngine; // Vector3. Total Float is the total amount of time a task can be delayed and still keep the project on schedule, while Free Float is the amount of time a task can be delayed without impacting other tasks in the project. is the combination of restricted (start-, finish-, and double restricted) and unrestricted float. It is a system that helps in the proper scheduling and coordination of all tasks throughout a project. To calculate a task’s total float, simply take the difference between the. This time is labeled Effective Time ET50. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Graph, vertex, edge and more. Slack (Float): It is the difference between LS and ES, or between LF and EF. The SWIFT_RETURNS_INDEPENDENT_VALUE customization macro from the. This paper presents the concept of GPM forensic total float and its role in retrospective schedule analysis, whether in updating or forensic analysis. Float affects the amount of currency available to trade and. Float is money in the banking system that is briefly counted twice due to delays in processing checks. Consider the list of objects below and decide which ones will sink and which will float when placed in water. Through the purely-functional stateless random functions like tf. The free float for the activity (i, j) is the excess available time over its duration. Independent Float: Amount by which an activity can be delayed without delaying the project; even if all predecessors are at Late Finish. A horizontal axis labeled with the quantity of the currency that is being exchanged. Independent Float: Relax or delay provided to any activity without affecting the Earliest Start Time (EST) of successor activity as well as Latest Finish Time. Independent float is the amount of delay which can be assigned to any one activity without delaying subsequent activities or restricting the scheduling of preceding activities. The float of an activity is the amount of time available by which it is possible to delay its completion time without extending the overall project completion time. the result of a+t(b −a) a + t ( b − a) with accounting for floating-point calculation imprecision. The term float is used for activities while slack is used for events. interfering float D. That makes the whole method a lot easier. Fig. Later on, in 1994, the flexible basket was replaced with an independent float while its value was fixed to the US dollar until 2009, when it was removed from the market despite how it was heavily dominating transactions post de jure. Gives you buckets of time, money, or team capacity to borrow against, rather than forcing a recalculation of your plan at every hiccup. Total Float (TF): The amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed or extended from its early start date without delaying the project finish date or violating a schedule constraint. Interfering float: Interfering float refers to the delay in starting a task rather than a delay in finishing it. MoveTowards example. The bicarbonate solution acts as a source of dissolved carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. But three things can turn this around:The exchange rate that will be used if a foreign currency option is executed. Expert Answer. If Sj = 0 → FF = TF = 0. This can be calculated by using the formula: LF – EF = total float. Total. January 18, 2014 at 03:07 PM. Enter the loan amount (LoanAmount) --> 10000 Enter the YEARLY interest rate as a percentage --> 12 Enter number of payments --> 36 Loan amount: 10000 Yearly Interest Rate: 12% Number of Payments: 36 Monthly Payment: 10000 Amount Paid Back: 360000 Interest Paid: 350000 Program Over Press Enter to end --> Press any key to. A. Total Float. Critical Path DRAG (Devaux’s Removed Activity Gauge): The amount of time that an activity on the critical. You can read this value, or set it to control how fast time passes, allowing you to create slow-motion effects. slowed down. Total Float . Best Power: Wayne Submersible Cast-Iron and Stainless-Steel Sump Pump. Independent Float: Amount by which an activity can be delayed without delaying the project; even if all predecessors are at Late Finish and all Successors are at Early Start. In economics, float is duplicate money present in the banking system during the time between a deposit being made in the recipient's account and the money being deducted from the sender's account. Expert Answer. Independent Float: It is the minimum excess available time which exists without affecting any of succeeding or preceding activities. Total Float is the maximum amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the project whereas Free Float is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without impacting the Early Start date of any of its immediate successors. To use this online calculator for Independent Float, enter Early Finish Time (EFT), Late Start Time (LST) & Activity Time (tactivity) and hit the calculate button. Expected time is the best estimation of how long a task will take to complete, taking into consideration any problems or obstacles that might arise. Rev. Float and slack both refer to the amount of time by which a particular activity or event can be delayed without affecting the time schedule of the network. Float Time in project management refers to the amount of time a task can be delayed without affecting the project’s critical path. Free float: It is the amount of time that the activity completion time can be delayed without affecting the earliest start time of the immediate successor activities. Then what is the difference between lag and total float? Both have. e. Optimistic time refers to the minimum amount of time it will take to complete a task. Total Float and Free Float are used in Critical Path Method (CPM) to determine schedule flexibility of an. This shows you that you can have up to nine days of delays without impacting subsequent tasks and still finish the overall project on time. Finally, you might see the term “zero float time” used in project management. This weight is supported by the surrounding fluid, and so the buoyant force must equal w fl, the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. Independent float – The amount of time by which the start of an activity can be delayed without effecting the earliest start time of any immediately following activities, assuming that the preceding activity has finished at its latest finish time. Negative Float. deltaTime returns the amount of time that elapsed since the last frame completed. IF = E j – L i - d ij. set_timer (event, millis) -> None. - treats sales and collections as one transaction. 6). time. An entity which provides insurance is known as an insurer, insurance. LF ij = ES j – ES i - t ij. The difference between the planned finish date and the actual finish. Step 2: Calculate late start of this. Free float: It is the amount of time that the activity completion time can be delayed without affecting the earliest start time of the immediate successor activities in the network. The difference between this and linear interpolation (aka, "lerp") is that the vectors are treated as directions rather than points in space. Professor Odeh introduces the types of floats in a construction project including; total float, free float, interfering float and independent float. It is. scaledTime. Any delay in an activity on the critical path would reduce the amount of total float available on the project. Mathematically, Total Float = (L j - E i) - t ij. 8. 2. Independent float is the length of. Macy’s President Jack Straus donated approximately 650 pounds of rubber balloon material to. South Asia Economic Journal. Independent Float: Amount by. Download Solution PDF. F IN = F T - F F = S. Zero Float Time. You define the critical path as: A->B->E->F = 14 weeks is the critical path. F T = (T i L - T i E) - t ij. Of these statements A. It is the difference between total float and free float. Slack time = LST - EST. It is given by Total float - Free float. astype(float) we will face error: ValueError: could not convert string to float: '$10. The first calculator in this guide helps you estimate your FIRE number, or the dollar amount you need to save to reach financial independence and retire early. this would simplify cross-country transac-tions but preclude each country in a bloc from operating an independent monetary and exchange rate policy. See moreFree float represents the amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of any immediate successor activity within. e. Time. Seeing all of the tasks pending and looming deadlines can damper moods and motivation. the Free Float, for each activity, represents the amount of time an activity. Prepare a bicarbonate solution by mixing 6. The path in this example consists of one activity only i. This answer was edited. Pick up the correct statement from the following: Options are : The difference between total float and free float, is called interfering float. Experiment with Saltwater Science Projects (4 results) Experiment with Saltwater Science Projects. Otherwise, you might encounter negative float for these kinds of activities: In. Usually, this time will depend. Lead: A lead is the amount of time an activity can be advanced. Slack corresponds to the event in PERT. set_timer() ¶. It is not a common term for activity slack time. total float B. Free float for any activity is defined as the difference between A. However, the main difference between float and slack is that slack is typically associated with inactivity, while float is associated with activity. If a non. Completion Time. Example Total float: It is the time by which starting or finishing of an activity can be delayed without affecting the schedule completion period of a project. It only affects concerned activity. Where S j is slack of Head event. Hydroxylamine hydrochloride acts as an inhibitor, slowing the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Simply put, that is a misleading and confusing way to say it. Greater than Total Float. But, there’s a little more to it than that. Matching gains or losses from hedging with losses or gains from the risk being hedged. By changing the independent variable, in this case, is the frequency of Red Light (430–480 THz), Blue Light (610–670 THz), Green Light (540–580THz), Yellow Light (510–540 THz), and Clear Light, the number of discs that float out of. Thus, floats represent following two points: Under-utilized resources; Flexibility of an activity. It is given by Total float - Free float. The correct option is C Independent float (i) Float: The term is associated with activity time. Independent float is an amount of time by which the start of an activity may be delayed without affecting. 6 billion iShares MSCI. Total Float is the amount of time by which you can delay an activity from its early start date without delaying the project finish date. A critical path is an activity or event that, if delayed, will. This is particularly important for any behavior that is to be framerate independant. This is expressed by the formula F = rgV, where r is the density of the fluid, g is acceleration due to gravity, and V is. The amount of time that an activity can be delayed or ex tended from its early start date without delayin g the project finish date. It tells us by how long the activity's start or completion may be delayed without. The amount of time by which an activity can be delayed without affecting project completion time is Independent float Free float Activity float Total float Which of the following is the cost for the purpose of Economic order quantity (EOQ)? The annual ordering costs None The annual holding cost per item per annum Both a and b. 5 minutes). Different than TF which is calculated at the path level, FF is calculated at the activity level. Relation among float TF ≥ FF ≥ IF. Create flashcards for FREE and quiz yourself with an interactive flipper. Independent Float It is the minimum available time over the required activity duration. The tokens are then passed on to the next phase for further processing. Interfering Float: Maximum amount by which an activity can be delayed without delaying the project but will cause delay to the Early Start of some following activity. project completion date (“total float”). deltaTime; } Which looks like this:Lead time and Lag time, total float, free float are basic concepts used for the preparation of a project schedule. Total float = L j – (E i + t ij) Calculation: Given: For activity e, L j = 7, E i = 4, t ij = 2. A 1 g object will sink until it displaces 1 g of water. Total float is similar but takes the bigger picture view: it’s the time that a task can be postponed without there being any impact on the overall schedule. Free float = Total Float – Head event slack; Independent Float (IF) It is amount of free float time which can be used without affecting either the head or the tail event. Set an event to appear on the event queue every given number of milliseconds. Motivate team members. The space it occupied is filled by fluid having a weight w fl.